Chemical Energy Converters

Capacity Area A2 works towards shifting conventional fossil fuel operated powertrains to more efficient internal combustion engines, renewable fuels and fuel cell technologies. The focus is on long-range and heavy-duty applications, as electric propulsion is not expected to meet the demands of these sectors. Research on internal combustion engines focuses on increasing energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions as well as utilizing renewable synthetic fuels. Investigated synthetic fuel options are based on renewable surplus electricity and biogenic or solar-chemical processes. In the area of fuel cells, projects concentrate on cost reduction and improved operating conditions as well as hydrogen production from excess electricity (from fluctuating renewable energy sources).


Christian Bach
Head Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory at Empa
christian.bach@empa.ch
058 765 41 37

Empa
Automotive Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, APTL
Christian Bach, Coordinator

Paul Scherrer Institute PSI
Electrochemistry Laboratory, LEC
Fuel Cell Systems and Diagnostics
Dr. Felix Büchi, Deputy Coordinator

ETH Zürich
Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control, IDSC
Prof. Dr. Christopher Onder

ETH Zürich
Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control, IDSC
Prof. Dr. Emilio Frazzoli

ETH Zürich
Aerothermochemistry and Combustion Systems Laboratory, LAV
Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Boulouchos

Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Institut für Thermo- und Fluid-Engineering, ITFE
Prof. Dr. Kai Herrmann

Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften ZHAW
Institute of Computational Physics, ICP
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Schumacher

 

Paul Scherrer Institute PSI (phase I, 2014-2016)
Combustion Research Laboratory, CRL
PD Dr. Ioannis Mantzaras

  • Two phase flow thermal LB model developed for Material characterization (Dec 2014)
  • Proof of concept of spark-ignition spectroscopy in test rig. Identification of basic mechanisms for ignition, combustion and emissions. Task A2.2.1 (Dec 2014)
  • Control investigations for best input-output behavior with respect to achieving a quick and robust light off of the exhaust after treatment system. Task A2.2.2 (Dec 2014)
  • Evaluation of 2-3 most promising combustion process concepts, including a detailed TRL- and development demand, Task A2.2.3 (Dec 2014)
  • Validation of predictions for combustion system behavior on the basis of targeted experiments in the dedicated test-rigs, Task A2.2.1 (Dec 2015).
  • Demonstration of prototype technologies (e.g., fully variable gas-exchange valve train, pilot-injection combustion concept,
    thermoelectric converter) at least on a TRL 3-5, Task A2.2.2 (Dec 2015).
  • Proof-of-concept demonstration of highly-efficient minimal emission in prototype engine for each of the fuels considered above (e.g., for a passenger car and a truck engine), Tasks A2.2.1-3 (Dec 2016).

Cost efficient fuel cell systems

  • Full size thermo-neutral single cell, suited for neutron imaging [6, 2018]
  • Virtual porous material models finished. Macro-homogeneous model of the thermo-neutral cells is ready [12, 2018]
  • Thermo-neutral short stack demonstrator (ca. 10 cells) [12,2020]

IC engine powertrain efficiency increase

  • Establishment and demonstration of operation of new optical engine facility [9, 2017]
  • Detailed experimental and modelling understanding of dual-fuel combustion strategies with different liquid-gas fuel shares and premixed or diffusion combustion mode [12, 2018]
  • Successful identification of measures to minimize CH4-slip from gas engines [9, 2020]
  • Optimized thermal management operating strategy for a dual-fuel (diesel-ignited natural gas) engine [12, 2018] and emission optimized strategy [12, 2020]
  • HESS SwissTrolley+ demonstrator concept vehicle fully operational at VBZ including energy optimal operating strategy [12, 2018] and peak shaving strategy [12, 2020]
  • Advanced CNG passenger car (EU project GasOn) and utility vehicle (Iveco 3.0 l F1C engine) engine concept realized with 15-20% improved fuel consumption [12, 2020]

Renewable fuels

  • FOEN PtX feasibility study finished [12, 2017]
  • Validation of complete chain of hierarchical simulation models for IC engines running on renewable fuels [12, 2018]
  • Finalization of a power-to-350bar-CH4 for mobility demonstrator [12, 2019]

to follow soon

2020

Bardis, K., Kyrtatos, P., Frouzakis, C. E., Wright, Y. M., Giannakopoulos, G. K., & Boulouchos, K. (2020). Reduction of RANS/LES combustion sub-models for quasi-dimensional spark ignition engine simulations and evaluation of the modelling assumptions with DNS. Combustion and Flame, 220, 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.034

Benekos, S., Frouzakis, C. E., Giannakopoulos, G. K., Altantzis, C., & Boulouchos, K. (2021). A 2-D DNS study of the effects of nozzle geometry, ignition kernel placement and initial turbulence on prechamber ignition. Combustion and Flame, 225, 272–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.10.045

Benekos, S., Frouzakis, C. E., Giannakopoulos, G. K., Bolla, M., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2020). Prechamber ignition: An exploratory 2-D DNS study of the effects of initial temperature and main chamber composition. Combustion and Flame, 215, 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.01.014

Bolla, M., Impagnatiello, M., Keskinen, K., Giannakopoulos, G., Frouzakis, C. E., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2020). Development of an algebraic wall heat transfer model for LES in IC engines using DNS data. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.273

Cochet, M., Forner-Cuenca, A., Manzi-Orezzoli, V., Siegwart, M., Scheuble, D., & Boillat, P. (2020). Enabling High Power Density Fuel Cells by Evaporative Cooling with Advanced Porous Media. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167(8), 084518. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8e82

Giannakopoulos, G. K., Frouzakis, C. E., Fischer, P. F., Tomboulides, A. G., & Boulouchos, K. (2020). LES of the Gas-Exchange Process Inside an Internal Combustion Engine Using a High-Order Method. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 104(2–3), 673–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-019-00067-3

Koch, J., Schürch, C., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2020). Reactive computational fluid dynamics modelling methane–hydrogen admixtures in internal combustion engines part II: Large eddy simulation. International Journal of Engine Research, 146808742091034. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087420910348

Koch, J., Schürch, C., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2020). Reactive computational fluid dynamics modelling of methane–hydrogen admixtures in internal combustion engines: Part I – RANS. International Journal of Engine Research, 146808742091638. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087420916380

Manzi-Orezzoli, V., Siegwart, M., Cochet, M., Schmidt, T. J., & Boillat, P. (2020). Improved Water Management for PEFC with Interdigitated Flow Fields using Modified Gas Diffusion Layers. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167(5), 054503. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0062005jes

Mularczyk, A., Lin, Q., Blunt, M. J., Lamibrac, A., Marone, F., Schmidt, T. J., … Eller, J. (2020). Droplet and Percolation Network Interactions in a Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layer. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167(8), 084506. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8c85

Pareschi, G., Küng, L., Georges, G., & Boulouchos, K. (2020). Are travel surveys a good basis for EV models? Validation of simulated charging profiles against empirical data. Applied Energy, 275, 115318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115318

Schneider, B., Schürch, C., Boulouchos, K., Herzig, S., Hangartner, M., Humair, D., … Herrmann, K. (2020). The Flex-OeCoS—a Novel Optically Accessible Test Rig for the Investigation of Advanced Combustion Processes under Engine-Like Conditions. Energies, 13(7), 1794. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071794

Xu, H., Bührer, M., Marone, F., Schmidt, T. J., Büchi, F. N., & Eller, J. (2020). Optimal Image Denoising for In Situ X-ray Tomographic Microscopy of Liquid Water in Gas Diffusion Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167(10), 104505. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab9820

Zobel, T., Schürch, C., Boulouchos, K., & Onder, C. (2020). Reduction of Cold-Start Emissions for a Micro Combined Heat and Power Plant. Energies, 13(8), 1862. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13081862


2019

Acampora, L., Kooshkbaghi, M., Frouzakis, C. E., & Marra, F. S. (2019). Generalized entropy production analysis for mechanism reduction. Combustion Theory and Modelling, 23(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/13647830.2018.1504990

Bala, N., Pepona, M., Karlin, I., Kusumaatmaja, H., & Semprebon, C. (2019). Wetting boundaries for a ternary high-density-ratio lattice Boltzmann method. Physical Review E, 100(1), 013308. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.013308

Banholzer, M., Vera-Tudela, W., Traxinger, C., Pfitzner, M., Wright, Y., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Numerical investigation of the flow characteristics of underexpanded methane jets. Physics of Fluids, 31(5), 056105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5092776

Barro, C., Parravicini, M., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Neat polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether in a diesel engine; part 1: Detailed combustion analysis. Fuel, 256, 115892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115892

Barro, C., Seddik, O., Wright, Y. M., Pandurangi, S., Kyrtatos, P., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Investigation of the Ignition Process of Pilot Injections Using CFD. SAE Technical Papers, No. 2019-2. https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0129

Bolla, M., Shapiro, E., Tiney, N., Kyrtatos, P., Kotzagianni, M., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Numerical simulations of pre-chamber combustion in an optically accessible rcem. SAE Technical Papers, 2019-April(April). https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0224

Bolla, M., Shapiro, E., Tiney, N., Kyrtatos, P., Kotzagianni, M., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Numerical study of turbulence and fuel-air mixing within a scavenged pre-chamber using RANS and les. SAE Technical Papers, 2019-April(April). https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0198

Bührer, M., Stampanoni, M., Rochet, X., Büchi, F., Eller, J., & Marone, F. (2019). High-numerical-aperture macroscope optics for time-resolved experiments. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 26(4), 1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577519004119

Çabukoglu, E., Georges, G., Küng, L., Pareschi, G., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Fuel cell electric vehicles: An option to decarbonize heavy-duty transport? Results from a Swiss case-study. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 70, 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.03.004

Frapolli, N., Boulouchos, K., Wright, Y. M., Geiler, J. N., Manz, A., & Kaiser, S. A. (2019). Large Eddy Simulations and Tracer-LIF Diagnostics of Wall Film Dynamics in an Optically Accessible GDI Research Engine. SAE Technical Papers, 2019-September(September). https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0131

Giannakopoulos, G. K., Frouzakis, C. E., Mohan, S., Tomboulides, A. G., & Matalon, M. (2019). Consumption and displacement speeds of stretched premixed flames - Theory and simulations. Combustion and Flame, 208, 164–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.06.027

Gschwend, D., Soltic, P., Wokaun, A., & Vogel, F. (2019). Review and Performance Evaluation of Fifty Alternative Liquid Fuels for Spark-Ignition Engines. Energy and Fuels, 33(3), 2186–2196. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02910

Hänggi, S., Hilfiker, T., Soltic, P., Hutter, R., & Onder, C. (2019). Control-oriented analysis of a lean-burn light-duty natural gas research engine with scavenged pre-chamber ignition. Combustion Engines, 176(1), 52–53. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2019-106

Kammermann, T., Giannakopoulos, G. K., Koch, J., Soltic, P., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Early flame propagation of hydrogen enriched methane-air mixtures at quasi laminar conditions in a rapid compression expansion machine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(49), 27107–27122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.155

Kammermann, Thomas, Merotto, L., Bleiner, D., & Soltic, P. (2019). Spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy for fuel-air equivalence ratio measurements at internal combustion engine-relevant conditions. Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy, 155, 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2019.03.006

Kontoulis, P., Kaiktsis, L., von Rotz, B., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). CFD Modeling and Experimental Spray Studies for Different Heavy Fuel Oil Qualities with Respect to Large Two-Stroke Marine Engines. Journal of Energy Engineering, 145(5), 04019014. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000610

Küng, L., Bütler, T., Georges, G., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). How much energy does a car need on the road? Applied Energy, 256, 113948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113948

Matthias Banholzer, Walter Vera-Tudela, Christoph Traxinger, Michael Pfitzner, Y. M. W. and K. B. (2019). Numerical investigation of the flow characteristics of underexpanded methane jets. Physics of Fluids. Retrieved from https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.5092776

Nagai, Y., Eller, J., Hatanaka, T., Yamaguchi, S., Kato, S., Kato, A., … Büchi, F. N. (2019). Improving water management in fuel cells through microporous layer modifications: Fast operando tomographic imaging of liquid water. Journal of Power Sources, 435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226809

Park, H. ; Boulouchos, K.; Kyrtatos, P.; Srna, A.; Yoon, W.; Lee, Y. (2019). Modeling of micro-pilot ignition in medium-speed dual-fuel engines. 11th Dessau Gas Engine Conference, Dessau, Germany, April 11-12, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/356023

Park, H., Kyrtatos, P., Bolla, M., Lee, Y., Yoon, W., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Combustion Modeling of a Medium-Speed Dual-Fuel Engine Using Double Vibe Function. 29th World Congress on Internal Combustion Engines (CIMAC 2019), 019. Retrieved from https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/355997

Parravicini, M., Barro, C., & Boulouchos, K. (2020). Compensation for the differences in LHV of diesel-OME blends by using injector nozzles with different number of holes: Emissions and combustion. Fuel, 259, 116166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116166

Rabacal, M., Giannakopoulos, G., Frouzakis, C. E., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). A parametric study of the effect of thermochemical conditions on the autoignition of transient methane jets using axisymmetric DNS. 17th International Conference on Numerical Combustion: Book of Abstracts, 130–130. Retrieved from https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/390845

Safi, M. A., Mantzaras, J., Prasianakis, N. I., Lamibrac, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2019). A pore-level direct numerical investigation of water evaporation characteristics under air and hydrogen in the gas diffusion layers of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 129, 1250–1262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.10.042

Seddik, O., Pandurangi, S., Bolla, M., Boulouchos, K., Srna, A., & Wright, Y. M. (2019). Flamelet generated manifolds applied to Dual-Fuel combustion of lean methane/air mixtures at engine relevant conditions ignited by n dodecane micro pilot sprays. SAE Technical Papers, 2019-April(April). https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1163

Shapiro, E., Tiney, N., Kyrtatos, P., Kotzagianni, M., Bolla, M., Boulouchos, K., … Weissner, M. (2019). Experimental and numerical analysis of pre-chamber combustion systems for lean burn gas engines. SAE Technical Papers, 2019-April(April). https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0260

Siegwart, M., Harti, R. P., Manzi-Orezzoli, V., Valsecchi, J., Strobl, M., Grünzweig, C., … Boillat, P. (2019). Selective Visualization of Water in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers with Neutron Dark-Field Imaging. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 166(2), F149–F157. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1011902jes

Srna, A., Bolla, M., Wright, Y. M., Herrmann, K., Bombach, R., Pandurangi, S. S., … Bruneaux, G. (2019). Effect of methane on pilot-fuel auto-ignition in dual-fuel engines. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 37(4), 4741–4749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.177

Srna, A., von Rotz, B., Bolla, M., Wright, Y. M., Herrmann, K., Boulouchos, K., & Bruneaux, G. (2019). Experimental investigation of pilot-fuel combustion in dual-fuel engines, Part 2: Understanding the underlying mechanisms by means of optical diagnostics. Fuel, 255, 115766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115766

Srna, A., von Rotz, B., Herrmann, K., Boulouchos, K., & Bruneaux, G. (2019). Experimental investigation of pilot-fuel combustion in dual-fuel engines, Part 1: Thermodynamic analysis of combustion phenomena. Fuel, 255, 115642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115642

Ünal, Ö., Grill, M., Pandurangi, S., & Wright, Y. (2019). Modeling of the Combustion Process for a Dual-fuel Diesel System. MTZ Worldwide, 80(7–8), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0084-2

Vera-Tudela, W., Kyrtatos, P., Schneider, B., Boulouchos, K., & Willmann, M. (2019). An experimental study on the effects of needle dynamics on the penetration of a high-pressure methane jet. Fuel, 253, 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.171

Vetter, R., & Schumacher, J. O. (2019). Experimental parameter uncertainty in proton exchange membrane fuel cell modeling. Part I: Scatter in material parameterization. Journal of Power Sources, 438, 227018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227018

Vetter, R., & Schumacher, J. O. (2019). Experimental parameter uncertainty in proton exchange membrane fuel cell modeling. Part II: Sensitivity analysis and importance ranking. Journal of Power Sources, 439, 126529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.04.057

Vetter, R., & Schumacher, J. O. (2019). Free open reference implementation of a two-phase PEM fuel cell model. Computer Physics Communications, 234, 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CPC.2018.07.023

Xu, G., Hegde, R., Vasile, I., Bardis, K., Kyrtatos, P., Wright, Y. M., … Boulouchos, K. (2019). Towards predictive numerical tools for the development of gas engines with prechambers. 11th Dessau Gas Engine Conference, Dessau, Germany. Retrieved from https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/355987

Xu, G., Kotzagianni, M., Kyrtatos, P., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2019). Experimental and numerical investigations of the unscavenged prechamber combustion in a rapid compression and expansion machine under engine-like conditions. Combustion and Flame, 204, 68–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.01.025

Zhao, Le; Ameen, Muhsin M; Pei, Yuanjiang; Zhang, Yu; Traver, Michael; Garcia-Oliver, Jose; Vera-Tudela, W. (2019). Effect of Fuel Properties on Spray and Combustion Characteristics under Compression Ignition Engine Conditions. 11th US National Combustion Meeting, 03/24/19 - 03/27/19, Pasadena, CA, US. Retrieved from https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1508852


2018

Banholzer, M., Pfitzner, M., Sakellarakis, D., Wright, Y. M., Vera-Tudela, W., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Numerical Investigation of Nozzle-Geometry Variations and Back-Pressure Changes on High Pressure Gas Injections under Application-Relevant Conditions. https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1138

Bardis, K., Xu, G., Kyrtatos, P., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). A Zero Dimensional Turbulence and Heat Transfer Phenomenological Model for Pre-Chamber Gas Engines. https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1453

Barro, C., Parravicini, M., Boulouchos, K., & Liati, A. (2018). Neat polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether in a diesel engine; part 2: Exhaust emission analysis. Fuel, 234, 1414–1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2018.07.108

Blomberg, C. K., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). A phenomenological HCCI combustion model in 0D and 3D-CFD. Fuel, 226, 365–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.133

Brückner, C., Kyrtatos, P., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). NOx emissions in direct injection diesel engines: Part 2: model performance for conventional, prolonged ignition delay, and premixed charge compression ignition operating conditions. International Journal of Engine Research, 19(5), 528–541. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417721558

Brückner, C., Pandurangi, S. S., Kyrtatos, P., Bolla, M., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). NOx emissions in direct injection diesel engines – part 1: Development of a phenomenological NOx model using experiments and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics. International Journal of Engine Research, 19(3), 308–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417704312

Capone, L., Marmet, P., Holzer, L., Dujc, J., Schumacher, J. O., Lamibrac, A., Büchi, F. N., & Becker, J. (2018). An Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulation Study of Water Distribution in Porous Gas Diffusion Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 15(3), 031005. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038627

Cochet, M., Forner-Cuenca, A., Manzi, V., Siegwart, M., Scheuble, D., & Boillat, P. (2018). Novel Concept for Evaporative Cooling of Fuel Cells: an Experimental Study Based on Neutron Imaging. Fuel Cells, 18(5), 619–626. https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.201700232

Dujc, J., Forner-Cuenca, A., Marmet, P., Cochet, M., Vetter, R., Schumacher, J. O., & Boillat, P. (2018). Modeling the Effects of Using Gas Diffusion Layers with Patterned Wettability for Advanced Water Management in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038626

Durand, T., Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, P., Tang, Y., Liao, Y., & Landmann, D. (2018). Potential of energy recuperation in the exhaust gas of state of the art light duty vehicles with thermoelectric elements. Fuel, 224, 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.078

Farrace, D., Sakellarakis, D., Bolla, M., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Numerical Investigation of Soot Dynamics at Engine-Relevant Conditions. https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0204

Ghaderi Masouleh, M., Keskinen, K., Kaario, O., Kahila, H., Wright, Y. M., & Vuorinen, V. (2018). Flow and thermal field effects on cycle-to-cycle variation of combustion: scale-resolving simulation in a spark ignited simplified engine configuration. Applied Energy, 230, 486–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.046

Günther, M., & Sens, M. (2018). Ignition Systems for Gasoline Engines : 4th International Conference, December 6 - 7, 2018, Berlin, Germany. In M. Günther & M. Sens (Eds.), Ignition Systems for Gasoline Engines : 4th International Conference, December 6 - 7, 2018, Berlin, Germany. Ed.: M. Günther (p. 311). expert Verlag, Tübingen. https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000088237

Hernández, I., Shapiro, E., Tiney, N., Kotzagianni, M., Kyrtatos, P., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Flame-wall interaction modelling for pre-chamber combustion in lean burn gas engines. 35th International CAE Conference and Exhibition: The Engineering Simulation Path to Digital Transformation (CAE 2018), Vicenza, Italy. https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000339046

Jafargholi, M., Giannakopoulos, G. K., Frouzakis, C. E., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Laminar syngas–air premixed flames in a closed rectangular domain: DNS of flame propagation and flame/wall interactions. Combustion and Flame, 188, 453–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMBUSTFLAME.2017.09.029

Kammermann, T., Kreutner, W., Trottmann, M., Merotto, L., Soltic, P., & Bleiner, D. (2018). Spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy of methane/air and hydrogen-enriched methane/air mixtures at engine relevant conditions. Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy, 148, 152–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.06.013

Keskinen, K., Koch, J., Wright, Y. M., Schmitt, M., Nuutinen, M., Kaario, O., Vuorinen, V., Larmi, M., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Numerical assessment of wall modelling approaches in scale-resolving in-cylinder simulations. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 74, 154–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2018.09.016

Koch, J., Geringer, S., Farrace, D., Pandurangi, S., Bolla, M., Wright, Y. M., Jafargholi, M., Frouzakis, C., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Assessment of Two Premixed LES Combustion Models in an Engine-Like Geometry. https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0176

Küng, L., Bütler, T., Georges, G., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Decarbonizing passenger cars using different powertrain technologies: Optimal fleet composition under evolving electricity supply. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 95, 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2018.09.003

Lal, S., Lamibrac, A., Eller, J., & Büchi, F. N. (2018). Determination of Water Evaporation Rates in Gas Diffusion Layers of Fuel Cells. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 165(9), F652–F661. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0831809jes

Mandanis, C., Schmitt, M., Koch, J., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Wall Heat Flux and Thermal Stratification Investigations during the Compression Stroke of an engine-like Geometry: A comparison between LES and DNS. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 100(3), 769–795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-017-9879-x

Panagiotis Kyrtatos, Konstantinos Bardis, Michele Bolla, Alexey Denisov, Yuri Wright, K. H. and K. B. (2018). Transferability of Insights from Fundamental Investigations into Practical Applications of Prechamber Combustion Systems. Ignition Systems for Gasoline Engines: Internationale Tagung Zündsysteme Für Ottomotoren (2018). https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000088611

Sakellarakis, V. D., Vera-Tudela, W., Wright, Y. M., Boulouchos, K., Banholzer, M., & Pfitzner, M. (2018). Characterizing the evolution of boundary layers in IC engines by combined laser optical diagnostics, Direct Numerical and Large-Eddy simulations. 12th International ERCOFTAC Symposium on Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements. https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/312824

Soltic, P., Hilfiker, T., Hutter, R., & Hänggi, S. (2018). Experimental comparison of efficiency and emission levels of four-cylinder lean-burn passenger car-sized CNG engines with different ignition concepts. Combustion Engines, 176(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2019-104

Srna, A., Barro, C., Herrmann, K., Möri, F., Hutter, R., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). POMDME as an Alternative Pilot Fuel for Dual-Fuel Engines: Optical Study in a RCEM and Application in an Automotive Size Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine. SAE Technical Papers, 2018-September. https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1734

Vera-Tudela, W., Zurich, E., Martin, Y., Zurich, W. E., Sakellarakis, V. D., Banholzer, M., Llugaliu, D., Wright, Y. M., Pfitzner, M., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Assessment of real-gas effects in high-pressure gas injection at engine-relevant conditions. In researchgate.net. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339145704

Xu, G., Wright, Y. M., Schiliro, M., & Boulouchos, K. (2018). Characterization of combustion in a gas engine ignited using a small un-scavenged pre-chamber. International Journal of Engine Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087418798918


2017

Barro, C., Lucjan, A., Li, Z., Kyrtatos, P., Pandurangi, S., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2017). Development and Experimental Validation of a Fast Spray Ignition Model for Diesel Engines Using Insights from CFD Spray Calculations. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 10(2), 2017-01–0812. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0812

Brückner, C., Kyrtatos, P., & Boulouchos, K. (2017). NOx emissions in direct injection diesel engines: Part 2: model performance for conventional, prolonged ignition delay, and premixed charge compression ignition operating conditions. International Journal of Engine Research, 146808741772155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417721558

Brückner, C., Pandurangi, S. S., Kyrtatos, P., Bolla, M., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2017). NOx emissions in direct injection diesel engines – part 1: Development of a phenomenological NOx model using experiments and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics. International Journal of Engine Research, 146808741770431. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417704312

Dujc, J., Forner-Cuenca, A., Marmet, P., Cochet, M., Vetter, R., Schumacher, J., & Pierre, B. (2017). Modelling the Effects of using Gas Diffusion Layers with Patterned Wettability for Advanced Water Management in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038626

Eller, J., Roth, J., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., & Büchi, F. N. (2017). Operando Properties of Gas Diffusion Layers: Saturation and Liquid Permeability. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 164(2), F115–F126. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0881702jes

Farrace, D., Chung, K., Pandurangi, S. S., Wright, Y. M., Boulouchos, K., & Swaminathan, N. (2017). Unstructured LES-CMC modelling of turbulent premixed bluff body flames close to blow-off. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 36(2), 1977–1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCI.2016.07.028

Forner-Cuenca, A., Manzi-Orezzoli, V., Kristiansen, P. M., Gubler, L., Schmidt, T. J., & Boillat, P. (2017). Mask-assisted electron radiation grafting for localized through-volume modification of porous substrates: influence of electron energy on spatial resolution. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 135, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RADPHYSCHEM.2017.01.036

Ghiasi, G., Ahmed, I., Wright, Y. M., Koch, J., & Swaminathan, N. (2017, September 4). Sensitivity of Flamelet Combustion Model to Flame Curvature for IC Engine Application. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-24-0038

Giannakopoulos, G. K., Frouzakis, C. E., Boulouchos, K., Fischer, P. F., & Tomboulides, A. G. (2017). Direct numerical simulation of the flow in the intake pipe of an internal combustion engine. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 68, 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEATFLUIDFLOW.2017.09.007

Göldner, M., Blomberg, C., Bargende, M., & Wright, Y. M. (2017). HCCI Combustion Using Engine Fuels with and without Oxygenated Compounds. MTZ Worldwide, 78(4), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-017-0001-5

Gschwend, D., Soltic, P., Edinger, P., Wokaun, A., & Vogel, F. (2017). Performance evaluation of gasoline alternatives using a thermodynamic spark-ignition engine model. Sustainable Energy Fuels, 1(9), 1991–2005. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SE00276A

Holzer, L., Pecho, O., Schumacher, J., Marmet, P., Büchi, F. N., Lamibrac, A., & Münch, B. (2017). Microstructure-property relationships in a gas diffusion layer (GDL) for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Part II: pressure-induced water injection and liquid permeability. Electrochimica Acta, 241, 414–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2017.04.141

Holzer, L., Pecho, O., Schumacher, J., Marmet, P., Stenzel, O., Büchi, F. N., … Münch, B. (2017). Microstructure-property relationships in a gas diffusion layer (GDL) for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Part I: effect of compression and anisotropy of dry GDL. Electrochimica Acta, 227, 419–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2017.01.030

Iannuzzi, S. E., Barro, C., Boulouchos, K., & Burger, J. (2017). POMDME-diesel blends: Evaluation of performance and exhaust emissions in a single cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine. Fuel, 203, 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2017.04.089

Keskinen, K., Nuutinen, M., Kaario, O., Vuorinen, V., Koch, J., Wright, Y. M., … Boulouchos, K. (2017). Hybrid LES/RANS with wall treatment in tangential and impinging flow configurations. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 65, 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEATFLUIDFLOW.2017.04.001

Kyrtatos, P., Zivolic, A., Brückner, C., & Boulouchos, K. (2017). Cycle-to-cycle variations of NO emissions in diesel engines under long ignition delay conditions. Combustion and Flame, 178, 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMBUSTFLAME.2016.12.025

Liao, Y., Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, P., Rentsch, D., Curto, F., & Boulouchos, K. (2017). Characterization of the urea-water spray impingement in diesel selective catalytic reduction systems. Applied Energy, 205, 964–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2017.08.088

Lucci, F., Della Torre, A., Montenegro, G., Kaufmann, R., & Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, P. (2017). Comparison of geometrical, momentum and mass transfer characteristics of real foams to Kelvin cell lattices for catalyst applications. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 108, 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEATMASSTRANSFER.2016.11.073

Safi, M. A., Prasianakis, N. I., Mantzaras, J., Lamibrac, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2017). Experimental and pore-level numerical investigation of water evaporation in gas diffusion layers of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 115, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.07.050


2016

Eberhardt, S. H., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., Büchi, F. N., & Schmidt, T. J. (2016). Operando X-ray Tomographic Microscopy Imaging of HT-PEFC: A Comparative Study of Phosphoric Acid Electrolyte Migration. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 163(8), F842–F847. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0801608jes

Kyrtatos, P., Brückner, C., & Boulouchos, K. (2016). Cycle-to-cycle variations in diesel engines. Applied Energy, 171, 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2016.03.015

Lamibrac, A., Roth, J., Toulec, M., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., & Büchi, F. N. (2016). Characterization of Liquid Water Saturation in Gas Diffusion Layers by X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 163(3), F202–F209. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0401603jes

Schlatter, S., Schneider, B., Wright, Y. M., & Boulouchos, K. (2016). N-heptane micro pilot assisted methane combustion in a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine. Fuel, 179, 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2016.03.006

Schmitt, M., Frouzakis, C. E., Wright, Y. M., Tomboulides, A., & Boulouchos, K. (2016a). Direct numerical simulation of the compression stroke under engine relevant conditions: Local wall heat flux distribution. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 92, 718–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEATMASSTRANSFER.2015.08.074

Schmitt, M., Frouzakis, C. E., Wright, Y. M., Tomboulides, A. G., & Boulouchos, K. (2016b). Investigation of wall heat transfer and thermal stratification under engine-relevant conditions using DNS. International Journal of Engine Research, 17(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087415588710

Soltic, P., Biffiger, H., Prêtre, P., & Kempe, A. (2016). Micro-thermal CMOS-based gas quality sensing for control of spark ignition engines. Measurement, 91, 661–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEASUREMENT.2016.05.098

Zurbriggen, F., Hutter, R., & Onder, C. (2016). Diesel-Minimal Combustion Control of a Natural Gas-Diesel Engine. Energies, 9(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9010058


2015

Biesdorf, J., Forner-Cuenca, A., Schmidt, T. J., & Boillat, P. (2015). Impact of Hydrophobic Coating on Mass Transport Losses in PEFCs. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 162(10), F1243–F1252. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0861510jes

Biesdorf, J., Stahl, P., Siegwart, M., Schmidt, T. J., & Boillat, P. (2015). When Size Matters: Active Area Dependence of PEFC Cold Start Capability. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 162(10), F1231–F1235. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0871510jes

Boillat, P., Iranzo, A., & Biesdorf, J. (2015). Layer by Layer Segmentation of Water Distribution from Neutron Imaging of Large Scale Cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 162(6), F531–F536. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0511506jes

Eberhardt, S. H., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., Buchi, F. N., & Schmidt, T. J. (2015). Imaging Phosphoric Acid Migration in High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells by X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy. ECS Transactions, 69(17), 591–599. https://doi.org/10.1149/06917.0591ecst

Eberhardt, S. H., Toulec, M., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., Buchi, F. N., & Schmidt, T. J. (2015). Dynamic Operation of HT-PEFC: In-Operando Imaging of Phosphoric Acid Profiles and (Re)distribution. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 162(3), F310–F316. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0751503jes

Eller, J., Marone, F., & Buchi, F. N. (2015). Operando Sub-Second Tomographic Imaging of Water in PEFC Gas Diffusion Layers. ECS Transactions, 69(17), 523–531. https://doi.org/10.1149/06917.0523ecst

Farrace, D., Panier, R., Schmitt, M., Boulouchos, K., & Wright, Y. M. (2015). Analysis of Averaging Methods for Large Eddy Simulations of Diesel Sprays. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 8(3), 2015-24–2464. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-24-2464

Forner-Cuenca, A., Biesdorf, J., Gubler, L., Kristiansen, P. M., Schmidt, T. J., & Boillat, P. (2015). Engineered Water Highways in Fuel Cells: Radiation Grafting of Gas Diffusion Layers. Advanced Materials, 27(41), 6317–6322. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503557

Mayrhuber, I., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., Schmidt, T. J., & Büchi, F. N. (2015). Fast X-ray Tomographic Microscopy: Investigating Mechanisms of Performance Drop during Freeze Starts of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ChemElectroChem, 2(10), 1551–1559. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201500132

Schmitt, M., Frouzakis, C. E., Wright, Y. M., Tomboulides, A. G., & Boulouchos, K. (2015). Direct numerical simulation of the compression stroke under engine-relevant conditions: Evolution of the velocity and thermal boundary layers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 91, 948–960. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEATMASSTRANSFER.2015.08.031


2014

Biesdorf, J., Oberholzer, P., Bernauer, F., Kaestner, A., Vontobel, P., Lehmann, E. H., … Boillat, P. (2014). Dual Spectrum Neutron Radiography: Identification of Phase Transitions between Frozen and Liquid Water. Physical Review Letters, 112(24), 248301. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.248301

Eller, J., Roth, J., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., Wokaun, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2014). Implications of polymer electrolyte fuel cell exposure to synchrotron radiation on gas diffusion layer water distribution. Journal of Power Sources, 245, 796–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPOWSOUR.2013.07.025

Kang, J., Prasianakis, N. I., & Mantzaras, J. (2014). Thermal multicomponent lattice Boltzmann model for catalytic reactive flows. Physical Review E, 89(6), 63310. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.89.063310

Zheng, X., & Mantzaras, J. (2014). An analytical and numerical investigation of hetero-/homogeneous combustion with deficient reactants having larger than unity Lewis numbers. Combustion and Flame, 161(7), 1911–1922. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMBUSTFLAME.2013.12.018

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